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European banknotes

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sábado, 26 de octubre de 2019

Bolivia (1962-1981)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the period after the re-election of Paz Estenssoro as president in 1960 and 1964 in which on November 5, 1964 he was overthrown by a coup by Vice President René Barrientos, beginning a period of 18 military governments. Barrientos was elected president in 1966 and carried out a conservative economic policy (reopening of the tin industry to foreign companies, which led to strong economic growth) and fought against the insurgency of the mountainous regions, defeating it (among which was the Che Guevara). Barrientos died in a helicopter accident in 1969, replaced by numerous presidents that lasted a short time, until the coup d'etat of Colonel Hugo Banzer, supported by the FSB and the MNR. His regime was characterized by an increase in repression until 1978, the year in which he resigned and the military junta took power, at a time when the country was going through a very important economic crisis. This triggered the overthrow of the last military junta and the return to democracy of Bolivia. There are banknotes of 1 Bolivian peso, 5 Bolivian pesos, 10 Bolivian pesos, 20 Bolivian pesos, 50 Bolivian pesos and 100 Bolivian pesos.

50 Bolivian pesos (cincuenta pesos bolivianos)

This banknote worth 50 pesos was first circulated in July the 13th 1962. On the main side right it can be seen Antonio José de Sucre, South American independence hero from Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and chief general of Gran Colombia. Next to him there's a 50 and in the center there's the written name of the banknote and the name of the National Bank in Spanish (Banco Central de Bolivia).
In the left appears Bolivia's coat of arms and two 50's. On the other side of the banknote appears Gate of the Sun, a monument in the archaeological site of Tihuanaco. Moreover there's the written value of the banknote and the name of the National Bank again, plus two 50's and decorative elements. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 15.1 cm x 6.4 cm.




Bolivia (1945-1962)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the period in which World War II lasted and subsequently the Cold War started, which began with President Gualberto Villaroel, being overthrown and lynched in 1946. In 1947 the conservatives of Enrique Hertzog took power (those who opposed left and right ), which was replaced by Mamerto Urriolagoitia in 1949. In 1950 the Communist Party of Bolivia was outlawed and in 1952 the Bolivian Revolution (1952) led by the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement broke out, ending with one of its members, Víctor Paz Estenssoro, as president of the country . His government monopolized the export of tin, nationalized the mines and promoted the extraction of oil, culminating the transformation with the agrarian reform of 1953 (where numerous lands were given to the natives). Paz Estenssoro was replaced by Hernán Siles Zuazo, who fought to stabilize the currency and against the opposition of Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) of Oscar Unzuaga de la Vega. After the failed coup attempt of the FSB of 1959, Paz Estenssoro was again elected in 1960 and 1964. All bills with an impression above saying Central Bank of Bolivia date from an extraordinary issuance of 1929. There are banknotes of 5 Bolivian bolivianos, 10 Bolivian bolivianos, 20 Bolivian bolivianos, 50 Bolivian bolivianos, 100 Bolivian bolivianos, 500 Bolivian bolivianos, 1,000 Bolivian bolivianos, 5,000 Bolivian bolivianos and 10,000 Bolivian bolivianos.

5 Bolivian bolivianos (cinco bolivianos)

This banknote worth 5 bolivianos was first circulated in December the 20th 1945. On the main side right it can be seen Simón Bolivar, Venezuelan military and politician that made independent the northeastern part of South America from the Spanish Empire, creating the Republic of Gran Colombia and Bolivia. Next to him there are two 5's, plus four 5's in the corners, and in the center there's the written name of the banknote and the name of the National Bank in Spanish (Banco Central de Bolivia).
In the left appears Bolivia's coat of arms. On the other side of the banknote appears Bolivia's coat of arms again. Moreover there's the written value of the banknote and the name of the National Bank again, plus six 5's and decorative elements. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 13.1 cm x 6.2 cm.




100 Bolivian bolivianos (cien bolivianos/diez bolívares)

This banknote worth 100 bolivianos was first circulated in December the 20th 1945. On the main side right it can be seen Gualberto Villarroel, Bolivian military and politician who presided over the Military Board and the Government until 1946. Next to him there are two 100's, plus four 100's in the corners, and in the center there's the written name of the banknote and the name of the National Bank in Spanish (Banco Central de Bolivia). In the left appears Bolivia's coat of arms, completed with decorative elements.
On the other side of the banknote appears an oil refinery located in Valle Hermoso. Moreover there's the written value of the banknote and the name of the National Bank again, plus two 100's and decorative elements. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 15.7 cm x 6.6 cm.

Bolivia (1911-1929)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the liberal period, born with the victory of José Manuel Pando in the Bolivian Civil War, which lasted until 1920; The greatest exponent of these democratic governments was that of Ismael Montes. Since 1926, President Hernando Siles ruled, overthrown by a revolution in 1930 for trying to extend his term. All bills with an impression above saying Central Bank of Bolivia date from an extraordinary issuance of 1929. There are banknotes of 1 Bolivian boliviano, 5 Bolivian bolivianos, 10 Bolivian bolivianos, 20 Bolivian bolivianos, 50 Bolivian bolivianos, 100 Bolivian bolivianos, 500 Bolivian bolivianos and 1,000 Bolivian bolivianos.

1 Bolivian boliviano (un boliviano)

This banknote worth 1 boliviano was first circulated in May the 11th 1911. On the main side center it can be seen the Roman god Mercury (messenger god of commerce, merchants and travelers), sat over an engine. Next to him there are two 1's, plus four 1's in the corners, and in the center there's the written name of the banknote and the name of the National Bank in Spanish (Banco de la Nación Boliviana).
On the other side of the banknote appears Bolivia's coat of arms again. Moreover there's the name of the National Bank again, plus two 1's and decorative elements. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 14.1 cm x 7 cm.

Guinea (1985-nowadays)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the period after the coup d'etat of Lasana Conté and Diarra Traoré, with which the first became President and the second, Prime Minister. Political prisoners were released, more than 200,000 people returned from exile and an attempt was made to leave the socialist model. In 1992 the power was returned to the civilians, with the victory of Conté and his political party in the presidential and legislative elections but the transition to a democracy was not achieved (the opposition leader Alpha Condé was imprisoned a few months), with several attempts to failed murder and attempts to extend their presidential power over time. The coup d'etat of 2008 confirmed Lasana Conté as President (until his death at the end of the year), replaced by Moussa Dadis Camara (injured in protests and had to negotiate with the president of Burkina Faso and Sékouba Konaté a 6 month transition for the return of power to civilians). The elections were won by the opponent Alpha Condé, who faced some coup attempt. In 2013 he faced a series of protests and inter-ethnic conflicts and in 2014, the Ebola crisis. There are banknotes of 25 Guinean francs, 50 Guinean francs, 100 Guinean francs, 500 Guinean francs, 1,000 Guinean francs, 5,000 Guinean francs, 10,000 Guinean francs and 20,000 Guinean francs.

25 Guinean francs (vingt-cinq francs guinéens)

This banknote worth 25 francs was first circulated in 1985. On the main side left it can be seen a Guinean kid. Next to him there's a 25 and in the center there's the written value of the banknote, Guinea's coat of arms and the name of the National Bank in French (Banque Centrale de la République de Guinée) in the upper part. In the right there's another 25 and a with the written value of the banknote and a wooden carving of a mask. In the lower part there's a text saying that counterfeiting banknotes is punished by law.
The rest of the banknote is completed with decorative elements. On the other side of the banknote appears a woman weaving in her village and on the right, a wood carving. Moreover there are two 25's and the written value of the banknote too. The rest of the banknote is completed with decorative elements. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 12 cm x 5.4 cm.


100 Guinean francs (cent francs guinéens)

This banknote worth 100 francs was first circulated in 1998. On the main side left it can be seen a Guinean lady smiling with a headdress. Next to him there's a 100 and in the center there's the written value of the banknote, Guinea's coat of arms and the name of the National Bank in French (Banque Centrale de la République de Guinée) in the upper part. In the right there's another 25 and a with the written value of the banknote and a wooden carving of a naked woman. In the lower part there's a text saying that counterfeiting banknotes is punished by law.
The rest of the banknote is completed with decorative elements. On the other side of the banknote appears an image of banana harvest and on the right, a carving of an African woman carrying a load on her head. Moreover there are two 100's and the written value of the banknote too. The rest of the banknote is completed with decorative elements. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 13 cm x 6.4 cm.

Chile (1962-1967)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the period after the 1960 earthquake, which begins with the celebration of the 1962 Soccer World Cup with President Jorge Alessandri, who is carrying out his land reform. In the following elections of 1964, in the middle of the Cold War, the right gathered around the Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Montalva (with US support) to stop the socialist Salvador Allende. After his victory in the elections, Frei Montalva moderately reformed society with housing construction, educational reform, modernization of the State and extension of agrarian reform. From 1967 the party of Frei Montalva, Democracia Cristiana, begins to crack and be rejected by left and right. There are banknotes of 1/2 Chilean escudo, 1 Chilean escudo, 5 Chilean escudos, 10 Chilean escudos, 50 Chilean escudos and 100 Chilean escudos.

1 Chilean escudo (un escudo)

This banknotes worth 1 escudo was first circulated in 1964. On the main side right it can be seen Arturo Prat, a Chilean sailor and military who commanded the war against Spain and War of the Pacific, also being a lawyer editor of marine laws. In the corners there are four 1's and in the center there's the written name of the banknote and the name of the National Bank in Spanish (Banco Central de Chile).
On the other side of the banknote appears a painting representing the foundation of Santiago de Chile, by Pedro Lira. Moreover there's the written value of the banknote and the National Bank again, plus four 1's and Chile's coat of arms too. The rest of the banknote is completed with decorative elements. This banknote has Diego Portales (merchant, military and politician who helped consolidate the State of Chile) as digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 14.7 cm x 7.2 cm.

viernes, 25 de octubre de 2019

Slovenia (1992-2007)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the period after the independence of the country of Yugoslavia, in which the Slovenes chose Milan Kučan as President (re-elected in 1997) and Janez Drnovšek as Prime Minister. At this time it led to a gradual economic, social transformation and trade was oriented towards the West. Drnovšek stopped being PM in 2002 and that same year he became President of the country until 2007. Under his presidency the referendums of union of Slovenia to NATO and the European Union were voted and approved with Janez Janša as Prime Minister, under which there was a period of unsustainable growth, with Slovenian banks overindebted by the optimism caused by the union to the EU. There are banknotes of 10 Slovenian tolars, 20 Slovenian tolars, 50 Slovenian tolars, 100 Slovenian tolars, 200 Slovenian tolars, 500 Slovenian tolars, 1,000 Slovenian tolars, 5,000 Slovenian tolars and 10,000 Slovenian tolars.

20 Slovenian tolars (dvajset tolarjev)

This banknote worth 20 tolars was first circulated in January the 15th of 1992. On the main side left it can be seen Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, a nobleman from Carniola (now part of Slovenia) who was a scientist and polymath, besides having joined the Royal Society of London and being a pioneer in the study of karst landscape. In the left there's the written name of the banknote and the name of the National Bank in Slovenian (Banka Slovenije), a 20, a compass and decorative elements.
On the other side of the banknote appears the slogan dulcis ex labore fructus (sweetness is the fruit of work in Latin), with the map of the country in the background and some angels. Moreover there's another 20 and written value of the banknote and the National Bank too. The rest of the banknote is completed with decorative elements. This banknote has Johann Weikhard von Valvasor as digital watermark and a security thread too. The size of this banknote is 12.8 cm x 6.3 cm.

North Macedonia (1993-1996)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the period after the independence of the country in which the country had problems to be recognized internationally because Greece was opposed to the use of Hellenic symbols (came to put a trade embargo in 1994, which caused the country to change flag) although in the end it entered the UN in 1993 with the provisional name of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). There are banknotes of 10 Macedonian denars, 20 Macedonian denars, 50 Macedonian denars, 100 Macedonian denars and 500 Macedonian denars.

10 Macedonian denars (десет динари)

This banknote worth 10 denars was first circulated in 1993. On the main side left it can be seen Makedonium, a monument that honours Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising and the Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia. In the left there's the name of the National Bank in Macedonian (Народна банка на Република Македонија) and in the right, two 10's with the written value of the banknote, decorative elements and a gap for the watermark
On the other side of the banknote appears a panoramic view of the town of Kruševo (in the center of the country), where Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising begun. Moreover there are three 10's and has both the written value of the banknote and the name of the National Bank too. The rest of the banknote is completed with decorative elements. This banknote has a representation of Makedonium as digital watermark and a security thread too. The size of this banknote is 15 cm x 7.4 cm.