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miércoles, 13 de febrero de 2019

China (1980-1999)

This serie of banknotes belongs to the period in which Deng Xiaoping ascended to the power and the internal crises were surpassed and the errors of the time of Mao were assumed. This had to face a growing economic crisis, with the plan of unviable channel of its predecessor and an inflation of 15%, which faced reforms of the agricultural sectors (to achieve certain production in the cooperatives) and industrial (stopping the heavy industry and fostering small industry). Economic growth was also hampered by the increase in population, carrying out the one-child policy. Once the economic situation was channeled, China negotiated with Portugal and the United Kingdom to get the cities of Macau and Hong Kong, delivered in 1999. In this atmosphere of change, critical voices began to emerge with the system such as Fang Lizhi, Liu Binyan and Wang Ruowang, who demanded more political freedoms and freedom of expression. The wave of protests was charged to the General Secretary of the Hu Yaobang Party as a victim, without calming the situation and the Tian'anmen Square protests of 1989, in which between 400 and 3,000 people died. For this reason China was subjected to international isolation and political uncertainty due to the fall of the communist countries, a situation that was softening and the country transformed its economy into a socialist market economy, which grew spectacularly. Jiang Zemin replaced Deng, who died in 1997.. There are banknotes of 1 jiǎo, 2 jiǎo, 5 jiǎo, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan and 500 yuan.
 

1 jiǎo (壹角/yī jiǎo)

This banknotes worth 1 jiǎo was issued in 1980. On the main side left, you can see two Gaoshan and Manchu ethinic group members, Chinese ethnic minorities from both Taiwan and northeast China. Next to them there's a 1 and in their right, the written value of the banknote and another 1. In the upper part appears the name of the National Bank in Chinese (中国人民银行). The rest of the banknote is decorated with decorative elements.
On the other side of the banknote, it can be seen the coat of arms from People's Republic of China. There are two 1's, one on each side, being in the right side the written value of the banknote in Latin symbols as well as the name of the National Bank (Zhongguo Renmin Yinhang). In the lower one appears the written value of the banknote in Manchu, Tibetan, Uyghur, Sarikoli and Äynu. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 11.5 cm x 5.2 cm. 

2 jiǎo (贰角/èr jiǎo)

This banknotes worth 2 jiǎo was issued in 1980. On the main side left, you can see two Bouyei and Korean ethinic group members, Chinese ethnic minorities from both southern and northeast China. Next to them there's a 2 and in their right, the written value of the banknote and another 2. In the upper part appears the name of the National Bank in Chinese (中国人民银行). The rest of the banknote is decorated with decorative elements.
On the other side of the banknote, it can be seen the coat of arms from People's Republic of China. There are two 2's, one on each side, being in the right side the written value of the banknote in Latin symbols as well as the name of the National Bank (Zhongguo Renmin Yinhang). In the lower one appears the written value of the banknote in Manchu, Tibetan, Uyghur, Sarikoli and Äynu. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 11.5 cm x 5.2 cm. 


5 jiǎo (伍角/wǔ jiǎo)

This banknotes worth 5 jiǎo was issued in 1980. On the main side left, you can see two Miao and Zhuang ethinic group members, Chinese ethnic minorities from both south and southern China. Next to them there's a 5 and in their right, the written value of the banknote and another 5. In the upper part appears the name of the National Bank in Chinese (中国人民银行). The rest of the banknote is decorated with decorative elements.
On the other side of the banknote, it can be seen  the coat of arms from People's Republic of China. There are two 5's, one on each side, being in the right side the written value of the banknote in Latin symbols as well as the name of the National Bank (Zhongguo Renmin Yinhang). In the lower one appears the written value of the banknote in Manchu, Tibetan, Uyghur, Sarikoli and Äynu. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 11.5 cm x 5.2 cm.

1 yuan (壹圓/yī yuán)

This banknotes worth 1 yuan was issued in 1996. On the main side right it can be seen two Dong and Yao ethinic group members, Chinese ethnic minorities from both center and south China. Next to them there are two 1's and in their right, the written value of the banknote. In the upper part appears the name of the National Bank in Chinese (中国人民银行) and in the left, a 1 and China's coat of arms. The rest of the banknote is fulled with decorative elements. 
On the other side of the banknote, it can be seen  an image from the Great Wall, a World Heritage monument built in China between the 7th century BC to the 16th century AD. There are three 1's, one on each side, being in the lower side the written value of the banknote in Latin symbols as well as the name of the National Bank (Zhongguo Renmin Yinhang). In the lower one appears the written value of the banknote in Manchu, Tibetan, Uyghur, Sarikoli and Äynu. This banknote has no digital watermark. The size of this banknote is 14 cm x 6.4 cm. 

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